Earth Day! Earth Day! Earth Day! Everybody seems to be celebrating
Earth Day. Corporate sponsorships, government backing, grassroots
activism: it seems everybody’s involved in Earth Day—from Toyota to
the City of Denver, from the United Nations to the National Council of
Churches, from elementary schools to major university campuses.
Obviously, Earth Day is much more than just a single annual event; it
has become a global cultural platform.
The idea for Earth Day goes back to 1962 and Wisconsin Senator
Gaylord Nelson. Convinced that environmental issues needed greater
national exposure, Nelson suggested to President Kennedy that he
embark on a "national conservation tour." The following year, Kennedy
went on a five-day tour promoting natural conservation, but the tour
never generated the political interest that Nelson was hoping for.
However, according to the Senator, "it was the germ of the idea that
ultimately flowered into Earth Day."
Six years later, during the height of the anti-Vietnam War
demonstrations, Senator Nelson hit on the idea of creating a "national
environmental teach-in"—styled after the protest movement. "At a
conference in Seattle in September 1969," wrote Nelson in a short
history of Earth Day, "I announced that in the spring of 1970 there
would be a nationwide grassroots demonstration on behalf of the
environment…The wire services carried the story from coast to coast.
The response was electric."
Students and educators were recognized as a specific target group
ideal for maintaining long-term momentum. Enhancing this important
aspect, a book was compiled through Friends of the Earth and then
distributed nation-wide to teachers and professors.
Titled, The Environmental Handbook: Prepared for the First
National Environmental Teach-In, April 22, 1970, this volume bared
all in the quest for a new social and environmental contract. While
you read through the following excerpts taken from The Environmental
Handbook, keep in mind that what you are reading is the foundational
teaching material used in what later became known as Earth Day [Note:
incorrect spelling in the original]:
· On Religion: "What we do about ecology depends on our
ideas of the man-nature relationship. More science and more
technology are not going to get us out of our present ecological
crisis until we find a new religion, or rethink our old one..." (p.
24, Lynn White Jr.) "No new set of basic values has been accepted in
our society to displace those of Christianity. Hence we shall
continue to have a worsening ecologic crisis until we reject the
Christian axiom that nature has no reason for existence save to
serve man." (p. 25, Lynn White Jr.)
· On Population: "No technical solution can rescue us from
the misery of overpopulation. Freedom to breed will bring ruin to
all… The only way we can preserve and nature other and more precious
freedoms is by relinquishing the freedom to breed." (p. 49, Garrett
Hardin)
· On Government: "Looking beyond our borders, our students
will be encouraged to ask even harder questions. Are nation-states
actually feasible, now that they have the power to destroy each
other in a single afternoon? Can we agree on something else to take
their place, before the balance of terror becomes unstable? What
price would most people be willing to pay for a more durable kind of
human organization—more taxes, giving up national flags, perhaps the
sacrifice of some of our hard-won liberties?" (p. 145, John Fisher)
· On Shamanism: "What was it that enabled Eskimo shamen,
their minds a product of the taiga, tundra, and sea ice, to travel
on spirit journeys under the ocean and to talk with the fishes and
the potent beings who lived on the bottom? How did the shamen
develop the hypnotic power they employed in their séances? What can
we learn from the shamen who survive about thought transference and
ESP? The answers are in the arctic wilderness still left to us.
Wilderness is a bench mark, a touchstone…New perspectives
come out of the wilderness. Jesus Zoroaster, Moses, and Mohammed
went to the wilderness and came back with messages… This handbook,
and the teach-in it serves, have their beginnings in wilderness."
(p. 148, Kenneth Brower)
· More on Population: "Stabilizing the U.S. population
should be declared a national policy. Immediate steps should be
taken to: 1. Legalize voluntary abortion and sterilization and
provide these services free. 2. Remove all restrictions on the
provision of birth control information and devices; provide these
services free to all, including minors. 3. Make sex education
available to all appropriate levels, stressing birth control
practices and the need to stabilize the population…" (pp. 317-318,
Keith Murray)
· On Family: "Explore other social structures and marriage
forms, such as group marriage and polyandrous marriage, which
provide family life but may produce less children. Share the
pleasure of raising children widely, so that all need not directly
reproduce to enter into this basic human experience. We must hope
that no one woman would give birth to more than one child." (p. 324,
Four Changes section)
· On Global Transformation: "Nothing short of total
transformation will do much good. What we envision is a planet on
which the human population lives harmoniously and dynamically by
employing a sophisticated and unobtrusive technology in a world
environment which is ‘left natural’…Cultural and individual
pluralism, unified by a type of world tribal council." (p. 330,
Four Changes section)
· On Social/Religious Transformation: "It seems evident
that there are throughout the world certain social and religious
forces which have worked through history toward an ecologically and
culturally enlightened state of affairs. Let these be encouraged:
Gnostics, hip Marxists, Teilhard de Chardin Catholics, Druids,
Taoists, Biologists, Witches, Yogins, Bhikkus, Quakers, Sufis,
Tibetans, Zens, Shamans, Bushmen, American Indians, Polynesians,
Anarchists, Alchemists…the list is long. All primitive cultures, all
communal and ashram movements. Since it doesn’t seem practical or
even desirable to think that direct bloody force will achieve much,
it would be best to consider this a continuing ‘revolution of
consciousness’ which will be won not by guns but by seizing the key
images, myths, archetypes, eschatologies, and ectasies so that life
won’t seem worth living unless one’s on the transforming energy’s
side." (p. 331, Four Changes)
It is apparent that the history of Earth Day is rooted in very
radical political, social, and religious ideologies. Not surprisingly,
our modern Earth Day celebrations are also liberally laced with New
Age beliefs, pagan practices, and other religious concepts which run
counter to the Biblical worldview—any visit to a major metropolitan
Earth Day festival or celebration demonstrates this fact.
However, throughout Scripture we find God specifically warning His
people to stay away from pagan practices and beliefs. Deuteronomy 18
is one example. So is Romans 1, which specifically links the worship
of the creation rather than the Creator as a major problem.
For the Christian, consider the words of 2 Corinthians 7, "…what do
righteousness and wickedness have in common? Or what fellowship can
light have with darkness?"